Saturday, July 25, 2020
The Essay Expert Presents How to Write a Killer LinkedIn Profile - Wednesday April 6, 1200pm CST
The Essay Expert Presents How to Write a Killer LinkedIn Profile - Wednesday April 6, 1200pm CST Some of you have been on my LinkedIn webinars before. At least one of you got a call from a recruiter one week after making the changes I suggested just from listening to the webinar! Want to hear the recording of my last webinar? Click on How to Write a Killer LinkedIn Profile. Your next opportunity to hear me present LIVE is this Wednesday, April 6, 2011 at 12:00pm Central time. Why would you want to attend this webinar? If you are a professional in any industry, you simply cant afford to have a mediocre LinkedIn profile. Your potential employers will all be scrutinizing your profile, and you want to make a great impression. In this webinar, I will take you through the most important sections of your profile and the most important strategies for getting found. Topics covered: ⢠Why care about LinkedIn? ⢠Whats the point of 500+ connections? ⢠What should I write in my headline to get found? ⢠What should I write in my Summary? ⢠What are LinkedIn applications and how do I use them? ⢠How do I add LinkedIns new sections to my profile? ⢠How can I make the most of LinkedIn groups? Join me and Robert Shindell of ilostmyjob.com to learn the answers to these questions and make a Killer impression on the people who find you on LinkedIn. Wednesday April 6th 12:00pm CST
Friday, May 22, 2020
Sino-Cuban Fallouts and Make-Ups - 1568 Words
Chinese ties to the Cuban communist party, the Peopleââ¬â¢s Socialist Party (PSP), date back to 1949, which is before Fidel Castro came to power. Sino-Cuban relations between 1959 and 1989 can be described as inconsistent at best, with a number of changes in attitude on the part of Castro towards Chinese leaders. It is considered one of the great ironies of history that although Castro publicly condemned Mao ââ¬Å"with a viciousness rarely encountered in modern international relations,â⬠the Cuban leader was more like his Chinese counterpart than any other communist leader. (Ratliff, 206) They had a number of similarities, including the use of personality cults, shared positions on domestic development and international affairs, and similarâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Essentially, the Soviet Union and the Chinese communists were in support of two completely different ideologies, and Castro chose to align himself with the Soviets, knowing he would alienate the Chinese in th e process. From that point on, the Sino-Cuban dispute resulted in ââ¬Å"hostility between the two governments,â⬠which was a direct result of the conflict between the Soviet Union and the Peopleââ¬â¢s Republic of China, and a dispute ââ¬Å"over the strategy of guerilla warfare.â⬠(Ratliff, 210) Diplomatic relations completely disintegrated in 1966 at the Afro-Asian-Latin American Peopleââ¬â¢s Solidarity Conference in Havana. During this conference Castro accused Mao of ââ¬Å"confusing Marxism-Leninism with fascism.â⬠(Ratliff, 210) Castro also accused the Chinese government of ââ¬Å"criminal economic aggressionâ⬠for cutting back its rice shipments to Cuba. (Ratliff, 210) Castro even brought these attacks to a personal level, suggesting that ââ¬Å"Mao was a senile old man,â⬠who, in spite of having done some good things early in his career, had committed a number of atrocities toward the end of his life. (Ratliff, 210) The conflict, since titled the ââ¬Å"rice war,â⬠between China and Cuba consists of four phases. Firstly, Cuba is the only Latin American country with rice as a staple in its diet. Up until Castro came to power in 1959,Show MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words à |à 656 Pagesstrands of global history in the twentieth century has often led to its neglect. The fact that the most recent phase of the human experience is usually covered only at the end of a multiterm sequence of world history units has meant that it often ends up becoming a rushed add-on of rather random, abbreviated capsule summaries and general overviews. In view of the fact that no phase of history can begin to match the twentieth century in terms of the extent to which it has shaped the contemporary world
Friday, May 8, 2020
The Euphoria of the 1950s Did not Last - 1030 Words
During the late 1950s, the United States enjoyed a comfortable period of booming economic growth. Although the world was seemingly at peace, this state of euphoria would not last. The Cold War was brewing underneath the surface, and communism began to threaten democracy itself. These communist ideas spread throughout the world even as close to the United States as Cuba. The Bay of Pigs was a direct result of this spread of communism and had many consequences. The preparations, invasion, and aftermath of the Bay of Pigs had profound effects on both the United States and Cuba. Before the Bay of Pigs invasion began, many events took place that preceded and caused the invasion. Ever since Fidel Castro overthrew Fulgencio Batista, the former dictator of Cuba, the United States was suspicious of Cubas seemingly communist behavior. Batista had always been pro-American and anti-communist, but Castro governed Cuba differently. Castro believed the United States had no right to have businesses in Cuba. He reduced the influence of American business in Cuba and even seized control of the American-run telephone company in Cuba. Castro also established diplomatic ties with Soviet Russia to stay in power. He accepted loans from Russia so that he could support an army and keep Cuba from an economic collapse. All of these actions caused the United Sates to distrust Castro. This distrust was amplified when Castro publicly announced that he was pro-communist in July of 1959. Because of thisShow MoreRelatedThe Main Purpose Of This Research Paper Is To Provide Information928 Words à |à 4 Pagespowerfully addictive drug that can cause people to have intense hallucinations and become extremely paranoid. This stimulant is believed to be the drug of choice for 90% of the Philippines illegal substance users. Methamphetamine causes feelings of euphoria and the user feels full of energy. Some users of this drug have even jumped off high rise buildings because they believed they could fl y. Shabu didnââ¬â¢t arrive until the mid eighties, but it soon became hugely popular among drug users. It does seemRead MoreEconomic Prosperity During The Soviet Union1670 Words à |à 7 Pagesearly frosts forced the Sovietââ¬â¢s to buy grains from the West, particularly the United States. Nonetheless, by the 1970s, a ruling system that depended on patronage as a major avenue of advancement was created by the Sovietââ¬â¢s. Ten years later the system did not work as a declining economy led to an increase in mortality rates, a surge in alcoholism, and a deterioration in working conditions. Within the Communist Party there was a group of individuals who understood the real condition of the Soviet UnionRead MoreHow Does the Representation of Women Change Between 1930-1960 on the Covers of Vogue?1554 Words à |à 7 PagesThe perception of women has changed in the last century, because of the changes in the economy, lifestyles and the home. I am going to find out how women have changed between 1930 and 1960 and the effect Vogue has had on womenââ¬â¢s lives. Vogue has not only contributed to the acceptance of trends in the fashion and beauty industry, but in addition has become a reward in the changed in cultural thinking, actions and dress of women. Vogue is the worldââ¬â¢s most influential fashion magazine, first foundedRead MoreNazi Indoctrination And Adolescence : The Nazis Essay1410 Words à |à 6 Pagesinterest of others. The final stage encompasses universal principles in which people can develop their own set of moral guidelines, whether or not they fit the law. Only 10-15% of people are capable of the truly abstract thinking necessary for these last two stages. If not, people are left in the maintaing social order stage, in which individuals obey rules and laws, regardless of good or bad (McLeod, 2011). According to Pauer-Studer and Velleman (2011), the ââ¬Å"Nazi regime transformed the conventionalRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder1648 Words à |à 7 PagesBurton (2012), ââ¬Å"â⬠¦Kraepelin did not dis tinguish between people with both manic and depressive episodes and people with only depressive episodes with psychotic symptoms. This distinction dates back to the 1960ââ¬â¢sâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ (p. 1). Due to this discrepancy, it has put emphasis on mood elevation and bipolarity to be the essential characteristic of what is now bipolar disorder. After Dr. Kraepelin named the disorder in the early 1900s, the name changed to ââ¬Ëmanic-depressive illnessââ¬â¢ in 1950. Later, in the years ofRead MoreDetroit Urban redevelopment Essay1981 Words à |à 8 Pageswould ponder what made the city look so ran down and why did everyone abandoned a once known as a beautiful city. If one were to look at older pictures of the city back in its earlier years they wouldnt be able to tell that the city used to have life with in it. Detroit was founded on 24 July 1701, by Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, a French military officer and explorer, as a base to block British expansion. The permanent outpo st system did not prove successful, particularly after the French and IndianRead MoreExploring Different Kinds of Drugs Essays2511 Words à |à 11 Pagesand abused since the beginning of recorded history. There is a reference to opium in Homers Odyssey written in the sixth century BCE. People have for centuries eaten and smoked opium. Some of these people became addicted to it, others did not. However, in the mid 1800s, opium was refined into morphine and codeine. Morphine and codeine magnified the power of opium ten times. Also in the mid 1800s, the hypodermic needle was invented. If the hypodermic needle is used toRead MoreBipolar disorder Essay2729 Words à |à 11 Pagesvarying lengths. Bipolar IIà involves less severe manic episodes than bipolar I; however, their depressive episodes are the same. Cyclothymiaà is a chronic but milder form of bipolar disorder, characterized by episodes of hypomania and depression that last for at least two years. Mixed episodesà are ones in which mania and depression occur simultaneously. Individuals might feel hopeless and depressed yet energetic and motivated to engage in risky behaviors. Rapid-cyclingà bipolar individuals experienceRead MoreEssay on The Tragedy of Steroids3630 Words à |à 15 Pages1). Anabolic steroids are the result from tests that are were made to produce a drug that has tissue-building ability that of the testosterone and at the same time separating it from testosterones masculinizing properties. Since the separation did not fully worked out, the proper name of this drug is anabolic-androgenic steroids although it is called anabolic steroids or just steroids (Yesalis, 24). à Steroids Development From the early ages man was concerned in increasing hisRead MoreNegative Effects Of Methamphetamines2583 Words à |à 11 Pagesexperience a sort of high in which they feel heightened levels of happiness, motivation, and body movement (NIDA). This drug became more and more accessible and by 1937, it was sold to those with a prescription for it under the name of Desoxyn, and in the 1950s, was sold legally in tablet form. It was sought after and abused by college students, truck drivers, and athletes looking for increased motivation and body movement to keep them going (Narconon International). Methamphetamines were widely being used
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Study of a Second Language Free Essays
Much debate has taken place over when foreign language education should begin in American schools. Currently, the majority of foreign language programs are ineffective and poorly organized. Programs would be most substantially improved if the instruction of foreign languages began in early elementary grades. We will write a custom essay sample on Study of a Second Language or any similar topic only for you Order Now Teaching foreign languages to American students at the elementary level would be truly beneficial for several reasons. Firstly, if the study of a second language were to begin in elementary grades, children would have more years to practice and learn the language. It is ridiculous that teenagers are expected to speak a foreign language fluently after two to four years of high school language classes. More time is needed to comprehend and absorb a language to the point where it can be spoken fluently. Therefore, it is necessary for foreign language education to begin much earlier than in high school. Furthermore, foreign language education would be much more effective if were taught at elementary grade levels because children are more likely to practice the language. They are less likely to feel uncomfortable speaking in a foreign language. Most children like having an extra ability and consider it a talent. Young children are also very competitive. Competitions over who has greater proficiency in a second language are likely to ensue in an elementary language class. Young children are also more likely to participate in activities that help one to learn a language such as singing songs and engaging in hypothetical dialogue. In contrast, high school students have a much harder time learning a second language. ââ¬Å"Only three percent of American high school graduates reach a meaningful proficiency in a second language.â⬠(Crawford 2) This astonishing statistic could be altered if foreign language education was mandated in all American elementary schools. High school students are met with great difficulty when attempting to learn a second language because they are much less passionate; they are not interested in learning another language after English has been mastered. Also, high school students are easily embarrassed. They do not participate in class for fear of making a mistake and feeling unintelligent. They also do not enjoy playing games and engaging in other silly activities that might help them learn a second language. Many believe that teaching young children a second language can be a threat to their general education. It is thought that a childââ¬â¢s mind can be clouded by an attempt to learn a second language. However, ââ¬Å"psycholinguists have long since debunked the myth that bilingualism confuses the brain.â⬠No valid negative effects can be traced to learning a foreign language at a young age. With foreign language education beginning at the elementary level, chances for the mastery of a second language are much higher. Children who learn a second language benefit greatly from the ability. They tend to be more cultured and are offered more scholastic and occupational opportunities. The quality of adult life for todayââ¬â¢s children would be greatly improved if they were able to master a second language. However, this can only take place if foreign language education programs were altered in most American schools. It is imperative for the instruction of foreign languages to begin at the elementary level if greater opportunities for success are desired for Americaââ¬â¢s youth. How to cite Study of a Second Language, Papers
Monday, April 27, 2020
What happens when police officers go too far In t Essay Example For Students
What happens when police officers go too far? In t Essay odays society that is one of the questions that needs many answers. The past few years has shown that police officers are going far beyond what the law is allowing them to do.These officers are the same people that are called when somebody needs help and also protect and serve the needs of the people.Now more than ever people need the feeling to not only protect themselves from criminals, but also thepolice.Becauseof recent events many people feel that police officers are demonstrating excessive force of power they have. The main problemsthat people have with police officers is when they come to the conclusion to use force and when that force becomes lethal.This is mostprevalentin the African-American communities around the country.It has become such a big issue in these communities that the need for urban police policy is needed. The job of a police officer is to protect and serve the public.They are here to keep order in the public, averting, and investigating crimes that are repo rted. While doing all of these things they are to uphold the law at a higher level than most civilians do.As citizens we have put our trust in these police officers to do the right things at all times. People who decide who wants to be in law enforcement has to do this because they want to make a difference and help people in process.Besides when somebody starts their career as a police officerthe money is not an important factor because the public safety is.This can be really rewarding to somebody that would like to be a public servant because crime is the one constant that seems to never stop.Although with low payand helping the public this is considered one of the most dangerous jobs in America. Each day officers risk their livesto make it possible for people to walk around without fear.Police need the use of force but it has to come when it is really needed.At some point inan officerscareer there is going to come a time when they are face with a decision to use deadly force or n ot. Police brutalityis nothing new in the African-American community.In the earliest case of police brutality was RodneyKing in 1991. He was beaten after running from the police in Los Angeles. A videotape of this beating is played all over the national news. The video shows four officers repeatedly beating King while other officers while other officers standby and watch. This instance brought much attention to how officers treated minorities. Four officers were charged with assault with a deadly weapon and use of excessive force. Three officers were acquitted and the fourth was acquitted by a jury because they failed to reach a verdict on the excessive force charge.These acquittals led to the L.A. riots in 1992. In the aftermath of Kings beating confidence in the citys police department plummeted to 31% for Latino residents and 14% for African-Americans (Weltzer). With these types of numbers about confidence in the police with minorities, police will never get that trust from them. We will write a custom essay on What happens when police officers go too far? In t specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In a time were almost everything is on video, it is troubling to think that police are still getting away with brutality. With the case of Eric Garner is one of those examples. Garner was arrested for selling loose cigarettes back in July of 2014 in Staten Island. Video shows garner is talking to officers telling them to stop harassing him and to leave him alone. He is then surrounded by four cops and throw him on the ground. One deploys a chokehold, a use of force specifically banned by NYPD regulations (Scott). With a videotape officers reported that no chokehold was used. While Garners head is being smashed into the ground, it is heard on the video, of him screaming I cant breathe, I cant breathe. These would be his last words he would ever say. Because of the actions of these NYPD officers, Eric Garner was dead at the age of 43. Even though the medical examiner ruled this a homicide, a grand jury decided not to indict the officer involved. Days after this ruling came there were many demonstrations around New York City protesting against police brutality. For officers who know that a chokehold is againstits departments regulations and still do it with basically no repercussions is why the African American community has a difficult time trusting police officers who are sworn to protect them. .u57d06881a377c7b01a5d8daf76515512 , .u57d06881a377c7b01a5d8daf76515512 .postImageUrl , .u57d06881a377c7b01a5d8daf76515512 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u57d06881a377c7b01a5d8daf76515512 , .u57d06881a377c7b01a5d8daf76515512:hover , .u57d06881a377c7b01a5d8daf76515512:visited , .u57d06881a377c7b01a5d8daf76515512:active { border:0!important; } .u57d06881a377c7b01a5d8daf76515512 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u57d06881a377c7b01a5d8daf76515512 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u57d06881a377c7b01a5d8daf76515512:active , .u57d06881a377c7b01a5d8daf76515512:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u57d06881a377c7b01a5d8daf76515512 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u57d06881a377c7b01a5d8daf76515512 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u57d06881a377c7b01a5d8daf76515512 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u57d06881a377c7b01a5d8daf76515512 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u57d06881a377c7b01a5d8daf76515512:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u57d06881a377c7b01a5d8daf76515512 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u57d06881a377c7b01a5d8daf76515512 .u57d06881a377c7b01a5d8daf76515512-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u57d06881a377c7b01a5d8daf76515512:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Women In Literature Essay After the choking death of Eric Garner by the NYPD, there was a shooting death in November of 2014. A 12-year-old boy named, Tamir Rice, was shot and killed by Cleveland police officer Timothy Loehmann. Two officers were responding to a call that was described as a black male pointing a gun at people while on a swing set in a park. A caller tells the dispatcher that the gun is possibly fake. The caller relays to dispatch that they think Rice is a juvenile. The problem with this is that important information is never told to Loehmann or Garmback from dispatch. When the officers arrive on the scene, they report that Rice was reaching toward a gun he had in pants waist. Before the police car can stop, Loehmann opens fire on Rice hitting him once in the torso. Both of these officers did not try to give any first aid to Rice which resulted in him dying the next day. It was later discovered that the gun Rice was playing with was an Airsoft replica. Because the replica Airsoft gun was missing an orange safety feature that would make it a non-firearm. In the following days a video was released of the shooting by police. With their investigation completed, the case was handed over to the county prosecutors. The evidence was presented to the grand jury in which they did not indict officer Loehmann or the 911 dispatcher. However, there is more to the story of officer Loehmann. Before joining the Cleveland Police Department, he worked as an officer in Independence, Ohio for 5 months. It was found out to be that Loehmann resigned because he lacked the emotional stability to be a police officer. The Independence deputy police chief says that Loehmann could not follow basic functions as instructed, distracted and weepy. It was discovered that the Cleveland Police Department did not review Lohemanns mental personnel file before hiring him. If this report ofLoehmannsmental state had been used to disqualify him from joining the police in Cleveland, a childs life could have been spared (Garimella, 2015). Before the shooting death of Tamir Rice, there was another young black male shot by a police officer Darren Wilson on August 9, 2014. This shooting has caused even more tension between the African-American community and the police. Brown was killed, in Ferguson, Missouri, a northern suburb of St. Louis, that is predominately black. Before the shooting, Brown had stolen several items from a local store. While trying to leave he shoved the store clerk. Michael was with his friend Dorian Johnson in the store. Officer Wilson was dispatched to the scene where the robbery took place with a description of Brown and Johnson. W ilson catches up with the two while they were walking in the middle of the street. The officer then puts his patrol car in reverse when he recognizes these two from the description from the store and blocks them off. Brown and Wilson get into an altercation through the patrol car window while reaching for Wilsons gun to get control of it until it was fired. Cops in St. Louis County may use deadly force to stop a fleeing suspect when they have reasonably two things (Troutt, 2014). Brown and Johnson take off running and Wilson gives chase after them. Brown then stops and turns toward Wilson, were Wilson shoots Brown several times. While all of this is going on Wilson fires twelve shots into Brown. Witness reports tell of different accounts as to what Brown was doing with his hands, other witnesses were found not to be credible because they did not see his hands up to surrender. This shooting brought a lot of attention to this small city. Many people of color feel, for black Americans, abuse of police power is a familiar pattern (Christian Century, 2014). The death of Mike Brown caused a lot of problems in Ferguson. There were many strong protests and outrage about the killing of an unarmed black male. Todays media has beenpublicizing more and more cases of police abusing citizens, violating constitutional rights (Garimella, 2015). The grand jury was given evidence from the St. Louis County prosecutor on Wilson shooting of Michael Brown. On November 24, 2014, the grand jury decided not indict Wilson. The Department of Justice does an investigation and clears Wilson of civil rights violation in the shooting on March 4, 2015. They stated that witness corroboration and forensic evidence were the reasons whythose conclusions were reached. According to the evidence, Wilson shot Brown in self-defense.
Thursday, March 19, 2020
Many times throughout history
Many times throughout history, specific events occur that explain why the existence of Native Americans are necessary for the Spanish and English colonists to survive. The Native Americans were like parents to the Spanish and English colonists. As a newborn baby is introduced to the new world, alike, the Spanish and English were introduced to a New World in which the Natives were already a part of. Their inhabitance of the land dates back to many thousands of years ago where they inhabited all regions of the Americas. When the Europeans arrived the Natives gave the colonists knowledge about the land. At times the Natives cared for them and supplied them with food and various other things. They also provided work for the colonists whether the Natives were slaves, servants or allied forces. Economically, the Natives were needed very much for anything the colonists would export to Europe. Throughout history, the colonists dependency on the Natives was clearly shown and the how ! the colonists exploited the Natives in every possible way was also clear. What the colonists needed most from the Natives was their knowledge of the land. Because the Natives lived in the Americas for thousands of years, they are familiar with the area and they know how to work with it. For example, when Cortez landed on the Mexican shores on 1519, he used the Aztecs for their gold. When he found out where the Aztecs were getting their gold from, he simply destroyed them after he used them for their knowledge. Spanish colonists also had to learn a lot from the Pima, Pueblo and Papagos to be able to continue their farming in the very dry Southwest. Another tribes knowledge the colonists needed for survival was the Hohokam. The Hohokam built and maintained the first irrigation system in America, channeling river water many miles to desert fields of maize, beans, squash, tobacco, and cotton. The Hohokams knowledge of...
Tuesday, March 3, 2020
Virginia Apgar Biography, Creator of Key Newborn Test
Virginia Apgar Biography, Creator of Key Newborn Test Virginia Agparà (1909-1974) was a physician, educator, and medical researcher who developed the Apgar Newborn Scoring System, which increased infant survival rates. She famously warned that use of some anesthetics during childbirth negatively affected infants and was a pioneer in anesthesiology, helping to raise the respect for the discipline. As an educator at the March of Dimes, she helped refocus the organization from polio to birth defects. Early Life and Education Virginia Apgar was born in Westfield, New Jersey. Coming from a family of amateur musicians, Apgar played violin and other instruments, and became a skilled musician, performing with the Teaneck Symphony. In 1929, Virginia Apgar graduated from Mount Holyoke College, where she studied zoology and a premed curriculum. During her college years, she supported herself by working as a librarian and waitress. She also played in the orchestra, earned an athletic letter, and wrote for the school paper. In 1933, Virginia Apgar graduated fourth in her class from Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and became the fifth woman to hold a surgical internship at Columbia Presbyterian Hospital, New York. In 1935, at the end of the internship, she realized that there were few opportunities for a female surgeon. In the middle of the Great Depression, few male surgeons were finding positions and bias against female surgeons was high. Career Apgar transferred to the relatively new medical field of anesthesiology, and spent 1935-37 as a resident in anesthesiology at Columbia University, the University of Wisconsin, and Bellevue Hospital, New York. In 1937, Virginia Apgar became the 50th physician in the US certified in anesthesiology. In 1938, Apgar was appointed Director of the Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center - the first woman to head a department at that institution. From 1949-1959, Virginia Apgar served as professor of anesthesiology at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. In that position she was also the first female full professor at that University and the first full professor of anesthesiology at any institution. The Agpar Score System In 1949, Virginia Apgar developed the Apgar Score System (presented in 1952 and published in 1953), a simple five-category observation-based assessment of newborn health in the delivery room, which became widely used in the United States and elsewhere. Before theà use of this system, delivery room attention was largely focused on the mothers condition, not the infants, unless the infant was in obvious distress. The Apgar Score looks at five categories, using Apgars name as a mnemonic: Appearance (skin color)Pulse (heart rate)Grimace (reflex irritability)Activity (muscle tone)Respiration (breathing) While researching the systems effectiveness, Apgar noted that cyclopropane as an anesthetic for the mother had a negative effect on the infant, and as a result, its use in labor was discontinued. In 1959, Apgar left Columbia for Johns Hopkins, where she earned a doctorate in public health, and decided to change her career. From 1959-67, Apgar served as head of division of congenital malformations National Foundation - the March of Dimes organization - , which she helped refocus from polio to birth defects. From 1969-72, she was the director of basic research for the National Foundation, a job that included lecturing for public education. From 1965-71, Apgar served on the board of trustees atà Mount Holyoke College. She also served during those years as a lecturer at Cornell University, the first such medical professor in the United States to specialize in birth defects. Personal Life and Legacy In 1972, Virginia Apgar published Is My Baby All Right?, co-written with Joan Beck, which became a popular parenting book. In 1973, Apgar lectured at Johns Hopkins University, and from 1973-74, she was the senior vice president for medical affairs, National Foundation. In 1974, Virginia Apgar died in New York City. She never married, saying I havent found a man who can cook. Apgars hobbies included music (violin, viola, and cello), making musical instruments, flying (after age 50), fishing, photography, gardening, and golf. Awards and Accolades Four honorary degrees (1964-1967)Ralph Walders Medal, American Society of AnesthesiologistsGold Medal of Columbia UniversityWoman of the Year, 1973, Ladies Home JournalAmerican Academy of Pediatrics prize named afterà herMount Holyoke College created an academic chair in her name
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